Essay --

Background Somatoform disorders, as defined on Merriam-Webster.com states, â€Å"Any of a group of psychological disorders (as body dysmorphic disorder or hypochondriasis) marked by physical complaints for which no organic or physiological explanation is found and for which there is a strong likelihood that psychological factors are involved.† So what does this mean? Basically, somatoform disorders include mental factors that are often caused by physical symptoms, but no physical source or psychological cause. The symptoms therefore are imagined, but that does not bring light to the situation that it causes distress and can often be long-term (Kenny, 2011). The DSM-V, the Diagnostic and Statistical manual released in May of 2013 now classifies it as, â€Å"Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders.† This new name groups together many categories of disorders linked to somatoform disorders. Different disorders include; somatization, hypochondriasis, conversion, body dysmorphic and pain disorder (Kenny, 2011). DSM-V The DSM-V plays a huge role in the classification and treatment of somatoform disorders. It was not until this model that somatoform was not just one category, but had multiple sub-categories under it. With all of this being said, the DSM-V has gotten multiple hits of hard criticism that the new edition has a lack of scientific evidence for specific classifications, and unclear boundaries between every day stressors, and a classified â€Å"illness.† However, with constant progress, new information, new disorders and treatments, the DSM, no matter what version, will always take criticism for one thing or another (McCarron, 2013). Going back to the DSM-4, which is still used by many in the psychology world, classified somatization as needi... ... the patient complained about, they needed to avoid diagnostic procedures and surgeries unless previously indicated, and finally they had to refrain from making statements about their symptoms being, â€Å"all in their head† (Woolfolk, 2010). Conclusion In conclusion, somatoform disorders must be treated with caution. Upsetting a patient or even digging too far to find information or a cause of a disease could potentially make the patient even worse. Those professionals using the DSM-V on a regular basis must be aware the changes and the progression the DSM will continue to make. Different symptoms may include pain, gastrointestinal complaints, sexual symptoms and neurological problems. Different disorders include somatization, hypochondriasis, conversion, body dysmorphic disorder, pseudocyesis, and both pain and undifferentiated somatization in conjunction with PTSD.

Persuasive speech against video games Essay

Attention-getter: Whenever I look out from my window at home, nothing but memories come back to me. The house three doors down was the unsuspecting target of the foul balls we would hit when we use to play home run derby. Or my basketball hoop which held many world championships between me being the bulls and my friends being that year’s runner up. In the park across the street, I ended up blackmailing my neighbor, who was a few years older than me, into letting me play football with him and his friends. That’s how much I loved to be outside and play with my friends. As I become aware that my street has become barren from children playing outside, those memories soon fade away into silence. Thesis/Preview: The truth of the matter is that video games have affected the children who play them. Although video games have been quite influential on our generation, video games have had a lot of negative effects on the children of today. First I am going to describe the phenomenon video games has provoked, next I am going to explain the mental and physical health effects and lastly I am going to talk about the impact video games has had on the social skills of children. BODY I. Children in our country have become obsessed with video games. A. Since the start of Atari in 1972, the video game industry has expanded into a 10. 3 billion dollar a year market, it is only getting larger with the growth of technology. And although these games provide much entertainment, it does not come without a cost. Since the rise of video games, more children have become more obese, more violent and less social. (transition) Now that we know a little about the phenomenon lets look at the effects it has on children II. The growth of video games has mental and physical effects on health A. Initially video games consisted of a frog crossing a busy street or two paddles bouncing a ball between each other. Now games have started to border the line of excessive violence, enacting upon some of our deepest desires, but unable to express them due to laws that would be violated. In Grand Theft Auto, you run a round picking up jobs in an imaginary city. These jobs range from killing union workers to stealing pricy automobiles. In Conker’s Bad Fur day, you play as a playful cartoon squirrel that drinks beer and urinates on the enemy to defeat him. In the Journal of the American Medical Association, 90% of the games played today actually reward the player to injure another person and these were the games rated Teen. These types of gratuitous violence portrayed in video games transfer over into the everyday lives of these children. Studies of children exposed to violence have shown that they can become: â€Å"immune† or numb to the horror of violence, imitate the violence they see, and show more aggressive behavior the more they’re exposed to violence. Some children accept violence as a way to handle problems. Studies have also shown that the more realistic and repeated the exposure to violence, the greater the impact on children. For instance, a child in Kentucky ended up bringing a revolver to school and shot 8 students. Police ended up pin-pointing the source to the video games the child had been playing. The child ended up raking in more than 10,000 hours of a shoot em’ up style game that rewarded bonus points for headshots. Even if the games are not violent, another side effect that video games have on the health of children is with exercising. In a pediatrics journal, it states that 9 million kids are overweight, which is three times the amount it was in 1980. I am not stating that video games are the sole proprietor of this drastic increase, but for children, playing a video game usually takes precedent over exercising. With this increase in body mass, children have become more susceptible in acquiring what are usually known as adult diseases such as diabetes. In an Australian Geographic study, when asked what they wanted to do on a sunny day, only 32% of the children wanted to play outside. III. Video Games also have a negative impact on kids’ social skills and experiences. A. Another problem seen in children playing video games is there inability to communicate with their peers. Dr. Ricardo Salguero states that video games are an addictive behavior much like drug dependency. His results from a test on the dependency of video games concluded that 10% of the children, between 8 and 12 years old, playing video games on home consoles or computers, played for more than 4 hours a day – thus eliminating the socialization that would occur through standard outdoor activities like basketball. The more video games played, the more time it cuts away from relationships outside the ones made with characters in video games. Salguero then states that the earlier the child plays video games the worse the interactions the child has with other children are. CONCLUSION Review: From the information compiled by psychiatrists and doctors, we can see the violence, obesity, and lack of social skills that has accumulated since the beginning of video games. That is why I can say video games have a negative effect on children. Parents need to be more aware, not just of the types of games their kids are playing, but of the amount of time they’re playing. Memorable final comment: And when you end up going home I want you to pay attention and listen for the growing silence so that you may physically observe the impact of video games.

The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain - 1576 Words

Each character in a book has a purpose and often an author includes an antagonist as a way for author to teach their readers and their protagonist a lesson. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, two insincere, mischievous con men appear in the middle of the book. Mark Twain utilizes the King and the Duke as a means to ruin the peace Huck Finn has grown accustomed to throughout his trip on the Mississippi River. The King and the Duke represent how Huck may be able to escape certain people in his life but not types of people. The King and the Duke live off criminal schemes that hurt the child protagonist and his companions, much like Treasure Island’s Long John Silver. The King and the Duke force Huck to participate in activities that hurt the people that are closest to Huck, for example Jim (Twain 163). Long John Silver starts a mutiny that forces Jim Hawkins and companions to fear for the safety of their lives (Stevenson 93). The affect the King, the Duke, and Long John Silve r have on the adventure the young protagonist embarks on is very similar and share common traits that in the end spoil the adventure for everyone else involved. Each antagonist requires motivation when they are committing heinous crimes. The King and the Duke receive their livelihood through the lies and crimes they commit. In order to continuously commit these awful acts there has to be a driving source, which in this case is greed. Greed drives the King and the Duke to do acts that are harmful toShow MoreRelatedThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain830 Words   |  3 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is â€Å"A Great American Novel†, because of its complexity and richness. Twain writes dialogue that brings his characters to life. He creates characters with unique voice and helps the reader connect to the book. Anyone who reads it is forced to develop feelings for each character. Even though there is a great amount of controversy over the use of some choices, such as the â€Å"n word†, it makes the book more realistic. In the beginning of the novel Huck,Read MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1103 Words   |  5 PagesDmitri Van Duine Jr English Mr. Nelson November 27th The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Written by Mark Twain filled his stories with many examples of satire as to convey a message while also writing an interesting story. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn revolves around the adventures of a young boy called Huckleberry Finn, who is about thirteen years old. Tom Sawyer is Huck’s best friend and around the same age as Huck. He is onlyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesZambrano Mrs. Patmor AP Lit-Period 5 28 September 2016 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 1835 Mark Twain embodies realism in almost every aspect of his writing not excluding The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which in he portrays such a lifelike setting that it almost gives you this sense of reality through the point of view of a young man that has an urge for freedom yet struggles to conform to society s norms due to his adolescence. Twain s ability to unmask the true identities of the charactersRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain931 Words   |  4 PagesWolski Mrs. Goska English 2H Period 3 22 October 2014 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mob mentality is the way an individual’s decisions become influenced by the often unprincipled actions of a crowd. Mark Twain penned The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Twain grew up in America’s southern states during the early 1800’s, a time in which moral confusion erupted within the minds of humans. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn s protagonist is a young boy named Huck who freely travels alongRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1375 Words   |  6 Pagesmention the years spent growing and maturing physically. Teenagers are stuck in an inbetween state where they must learn who they want to become and what they want to be when they grow older. The same is true for Huckleberry Finn, from the book â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain. This is a book that was written in a time of great confusion over moral codes and standards. It was a world split in half by two different worlds of people; those who opposed, a nd those who promoted slavery.Read MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain2083 Words   |  9 PagesSatire in Huckleberry Finn In the novel â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain, we are told a story about a young boy and his slave companion’s journey down the Mississippi River and all of their encounters with other characters. Twain constructed a beautiful narrative on how young Huck Finn, the protagonist in the story, learns about the world and from other adult characters, how he is shaped into his own person. At the time this book was made however, this novel provided serious socialRead MoreMark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn1575 Words   |  6 Pages Mark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Controversy Mark Twain, born Samuel Langhorne Clemens, is a highly recognizable figure in American literature. Born in Florida, Missouri Mark Twain and his family moved to Hannibal, Missouri where Twain discovered and fell in love with the mighty Mississippi River. The river and his life in Hannibal became his inspiration and guiding light in most of his writing. Although Twain loved the river and did a great deal of traveling, he eventuallyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1005 Words   |  5 Pages In the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn written by Mark Twain in the 19th century is about a young boy named Huck Finn and Jim, a runaway slave who go on an adventure. The two travel on a raft along the Mississippi river creating a bond and making memories. Mark Twain presents Huckleberry Finn as a dynamic character who at first views Jim as property and eventually considers Jim as a friend, showing a change in maturity. In the beginning of the book, Huck Finn clearly sees Jim as nothing more thanRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1335 Words   |  6 Pagesyear The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is placed in the top ten banned books in America. People find the novel to be oppressing and racially insensitive due to its frequent use of the n-word and the portrayal of blacks as a Sambo caricature. However, this goes against Mark Twain’s intent of bringing awareness to the racism in America. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is classified under the genre of satire and is narrated by a fictional character named Huckleberry Finn. The novelRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain810 Words   |  4 PagesBefore Mark Twain started to write two of his most famous novels, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark was known to use his characters to display his own thoughts and opinions. â€Å"This device allowed him to s ay just about anything he wanted, provided he could convincingly claim he was simply reporting what others had said.† (Twain, 1283). Mark Twain used this process to be a foundation of his lectures, by manipulating his popularly with his readers. During the story

The Roaring Twenties - 3168 Words

The dawning of the 1920’s in America left a need in the citizens’ hearts to return to a state of normalcy after the devastating effects of the Great War. However, the new era of isolationism spawned a cultural revolution that can only be described as anything but â€Å"normal†. Heavy losses over seas left Americans turned off to problems occurring outside of United States borders. As the citizens’ averted their eyes from the problems of the world, they were left to focus their attention of forming the spectacular sense of moral freedom of the decade. The economy flourished as well.Wall Street became an enormous success as the introduction of credit dazzled the American people. The colossal factories which had supplied weapons and war machinery now churned out the automobiles, radios, and abundant excitement which would go on to define the era. The isolationist attitude also led away from the idea of the â€Å"whole† and people found themselves focus ing on their own needs and wants, which emphasized the adolescent nature of the United States. The post-war, isolationist minds of Americans in the roaring twenties focused on the dream of total freedom as they strove towards liberation in their daily lives, and were represented by the authors of the modernist fiction era. Throughout the 1920s decade, Americans were a part of the fevered frenzy that accompanied the dream of total freedom; a dream that encompassed the ideas of rebellion and equality. Lucy Moore, author of Anything Goes;Show MoreRelated The Roaring Twenties Essay836 Words   |  4 PagesThe Roaring Twenties Rarely has the world seen such a unique decade in time as the Roaring Twenties. It was an age of prosperity and change. The United States experienced a recession that was followed by a period of unlimited prosperity. Although the United States encountered both positive and negative experiences, it proved to be very influential in the future. The 1920s were definitely Roaring in more ways than one. There were major changes in American Society during the 1920s thatRead MoreOverview of the Roaring Twenties1383 Words   |  6 PagesThe â€Å"Roaring Twenties† were an age of dramatic political, social, and economic change. Women wanted new and improved rights and the nation’s wealth doubled between 1920 and 1929. Culture, values, and the technology of America changed and it had only just begun. The â€Å"Roaring Twenties† were considered as a â€Å"celebration of youth†. The many experiences that came from WWI had transitioned into the growth of cities, new industries, and new morals. Women finally won the right to vote in 1920, and thereRead MoreThe Rise Of The Roaring Twenties1310 Words   |  6 Pages The 1920s, or better known as the roaring twenties changed the lives of women in America politically, physically and mentally. Women were granted more freedom, the right to vote, changed their physical appearance, and focused on materialistic goals instead of moral values. Before World War I, women would wear a high collar, long straight skirts below the knee and long hair that was tied loosely. The roaring twenties brought along swing dancing and jazz which changed the way women dressed and dancedRead MoreEssay on The Roaring Twenties1209 Words   |  5 PagesThe Roaring Twenties Do you ever find yourself wondering why the 1920s were called the Roaring Twenties? The Roaring Twenties was a celebration of youth and culture. During the 1920s, many different forms of art, music, and literature began. There were many changes that took place in the 1920s, and many people were influenced by these changes. The Roaring Twenties was a constant party because America was celebrating the victory of World War I. Many customs and values changed in the UnitedRead MoreRoaring Twenties Essay839 Words   |  4 PagesThe Roaring Twenties The decade of 1920-1929 was a time of great change, reform, improvement, adjustment and alteration of everything Americans had come to rely on. In other words everything changed. Not one part of common life was unaffected. Exciting new events happened in sports, entertainment, science, politics, communication and transportation. It was the age of prohibition, it was the age of prosperity, and it was the age of downfall. The twenties were the age of everything. It hasRead MoreThe Roaring Twenties Essay979 Words   |  4 Pagestime in American history. An old Victorian nation had transformed into a vibrant, modernized America. Often called â€Å"The Roaring Twenties†, this time featured the famous slicked back hair, vibrant Flappers, and of course, marathon dances. From inflated economics to unprecedented invention, forces collided to produce the most explosive decade of the century. â€Å"The Roaring Twenties† encapsulates a captivating story that began with the return of young soldiers from the front of World War I. Those whoRead MoreAnalysis Of Roaring Twenties 1746 Words   |  7 Pagesindividuals subscribe to beliefs and purchase goods because of what they represent, caused drastic changes in society. The value of interpersonal relations diminished, and the very meaning of reality was synthesized and then deconstructed. The â€Å"Roaring Twenties† represented a time where no true reality was accepted until it was skewed by the wealthy. Fitzgerald utilizes the character of Owl Eyes and the billboard of Dr. T.J Eckleburg to highlight the substantial differences between the illusive faà §adeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Roaring Twenties 1328 Words   |  6 PagesJesus Gonzalez Kelly McMichael AMH2020 24 July 2015 Ricardo Chapman – The Roaring 20s The 1920s I known as the roaring twenties. A time in the United States that roared with prohibition, jazz, and tub made gin. The 20s were not only about the fun but also some of the greatest inventions that have made our lives better were created. Radio broadcasting began in 1920 with the first broadcast done from Pittsburg. The three positioned traffic light, which I believe to be one of the most interesting inventionsRead MoreThe roaring twenties in Australia2952 Words   |  12 PagesWhether or not the term Roaring Twenties is an adequate description of the character of Australian society from 1920 to 1929 depends on the circumstances of the Australian population in this decade, because Roaring implies the 1920s were full of dramatic social changes, which may have came about from spontaneous economical or political incidences and new inventions. In the 1920s Australian politics was dominated by the conservative parties and, despite some industrial discontent and hardshipRead Mor eThe Roaring Twenties And Progressivism2694 Words   |  11 PagesThe Roaring Twenties, the Jazz Age, the Age of Intolerance, and the Age of Wonderful Nonsense are all the names given to the 1920s era (Roaring). People flocked to cities to be part of this great industrial boom that was taking place. The 1920s was a period of economic prosperity and glamor, but in time, the glitter of the era would be brushed away to expose the grime that lay just below the surface (Roaring). The people responsible for this great reveal were called Progressives. The Roaring Twenties

An Accidental Discovery Sir Alexander Fleming and Penicillin

During his life, Alexander Fleming greatly changed the world’s view and knowledge of antibiotics and antiseptics. Alexander Fleming was born on August 6, 1881, and died on March 11, 1955 of an unexpected heart attack. From 1903 to 1906, Alexander Fleming attended Saint Mary’s Hospital Medical School. While in school, Fleming received qualifications as a surgeon, but his interests later changed towards bacteriology, after he returned from World War I. Fleming served as a medical officer in the Royal Army Medical Corp., in France during World War I. While he was in France, Fleming experienced the horrors of battlefield hospitals and all of the sickness, disease and death associated with them. Fleming noticed how the methods that were being†¦show more content†¦Unfortunately, lysozyme acted most strongly on the wrong microbes† (Alexander Fleming – Nobel Prize Banquet). Fleming believed that he had discovered an important antibiotic, but he did not th ink it was as effective as he had hoped. Fleming learned that lysozyme worked by attacking the individual cell walls of bacteria, â€Å"The removal of the gram-positive bacterial cell wall by digestion with lysozyme† (Department of Biochemistry). Unfortunately for Fleming, lysozyme did not work on that many kinds of bacteria, therefore the bacteria was â€Å"resistant to lysozyme.† Lysozyme was the first antibiotic that was relatively effective and could potentially save people’s lives. In 1928, Fleming made another discovery, this time by accident. After returning from a vacation, Fleming discovered a mold growing in a culture of bacteria in one of his experiments. To his disbelief, the bacteria around the mold had been killed. He then isolated the mold and discovered that it was from the Penicillium Notatum strand of the Penicillin Fungi family. Fleming named the mold that he discovered Penicillin. Usually white blood cells would be able to attack and destroy bacteria cells, but if white blood cells could not; infection would begin to take hold. Penicillin attacks peptidoglycans, parts of the bacteria cell walls, which therefore allows the white blood cells to now break down the bacteria cells unlike before. Fleming realized the importanceShow MoreRelatedSir Alexander Fleming Is â€Å"the Penicillin Man†1541 Words   |  7 PagesSir Alexander Fleming is â€Å"The Penicillin Man† When I woke up just after dawn on September 28, 1928, I certainly didnt plan to revolutionise all medicine by discovering the worlds first antibiotic, or bacteria killer, Fleming would later say, But I suppose that was exactly what I did. And we should thank him every time when we get sick and take the penicillin as single remedy for our disease. Because of his research and his discovery of penicillin, he has the greatest contributionRead MoreAlexander Fleming: The Discovery of Penicillin1884 Words   |  8 PagesSir Alexander Fleming changed the world of medicine not only in his days but also in the world today. We have the medicines and antibiotics that we have today because of Alexander Fleming. His discovery was much needed in the world and I hate to think where we would be in the medicine world if he hadn’t discovered penicillin. Alexander Fleming was born on August 6, 1881 in Darvel, Ayrshire, Scotland. He was born on Lochfield Farm, which was his family’s farm. Alex was the seventh of eight childrenRead MoreThe Carleton Prize For Biotechnology Nomination1691 Words   |  7 PagesThe Carleton Prize for Biotechnology Nomination Alexander Fleming, a name often connected to the evolution of medicine. Perhaps one of the most impactful and influential scientific researchers of the 20th century thus making him the most deserving to receive The Carleton Prize for Biotechnology. Providing enormous advances in the understanding of human biology through his findings of Lysozyme and Benzyl penicillin (The Nobel Foundation, 1945). Lysozyme has acted as a stepping stool for scientistsRead MoreThe Discovery of Penicillin1750 Words   |  7 Pagesinvention of penicillin, the medical miracle. Penicillin was considered the miracle cure when it was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928 and it saved several lives including our soldiers but have we abused this medical miracle? However, it is imperative for our civilization to understand how penicillin was invented, the war it saved, and the resistance that it has sir come. Alexander Fleming was born in Ayshire in the lowlands of southwestern Scotland (Sir Alexander Fleming-Biography).Read MoreA Medical Revolution Essay1547 Words   |  7 Pages(Scott, n.p.; Linder, 336-348; Sarch, n.p.; â€Å"Medicine Ads of the 1920s†, n.p.). During the 1920s, Herbert McLean Evans discovered vitamin E, Elmer V. McCollum discovered vitamin D, and vitamins A, B, C, and K were also discovered (Scott, n.p). The discovery of vitamins was an important find; it was necessary for doctors to increase knowledge about the body’s basic needs in order to improve the overall health and condition of the body (Scott, n.p.). Additionally, the medical community set forth withRead MoreFive Accidental Inventions2145 Words   |  9 PagesRunning head: FIVE ACCIDENTAL INVENTIONS THAT CHANGED THE WORLD 1 Science and Technology Five accidetal inventions that changed the world Raiymberdiev Sanzharbek University of International Business and Economics FIVE ACCIDENTAL INVENTIONS THAT CHANGED THE WORLD 2 Accidents happen every day. These accidents do not always lead to tragedy. These accidents can help become some people really rich and famous. If youre wondering what I mean by this, let me explain. It happens that scientistsRead MoreEight Accidental Discoveries: Science Analysis Essay1778 Words   |  8 PagesIt is amazing how many scientific discoveries were accidental. The history of science is packed with accidental discoveries (Peters, 1999, para. 4). Science is the â€Å"knowledge about or study of the natural world based on facts learned through experiments and observation† (Merriam-Webster, Incorporated, 2014). Accidental is defined as â€Å"happening in a way that is not planned or intended† (Merriam-Webster, Incorporated, 2014). Discovery is â€Å"the act of finding or learning something for the first time†Read More Fungus Essay2113 Words   |  9 Pagesof organic matter and the release into the atmosphere of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosph orous. Many of them are eaten at the dinner table. One of the most beneficial uses of a fungus came with the virtually accidental discovery of the antibiotic penicillin by Sir Alexander Fleming in 1928. Antibiotics, many of them derived from fungi, have helped revolutionize the practice of medicine in the 20th century. Not all fungi are beneficial. Some, as has been noted, can cause serious diseases in plants

The Wife of Bath’s Tale Free Essays

At the climax of The Wife of Bath’s Tale, the sixth tale in Chaucer’s work, an old woman exclaims â€Å"Now lift the curtain, see just how it is.† It is this call to action which seems to govern The Canterbury Tales as a whole. The curtains of pretense hide truths If all the world is a stage, then the performances we give daily are not truly indicative of our innermost thoughts and sentiments. We will write a custom essay sample on The Wife of Bath’s Tale or any similar topic only for you Order Now Behind the stage curtain lay the forces which govern our actions. Social position and past experiences play no small role in how we view the world. The narrative frame Chaucer’s work may revolve around the pilgrimage, an essentially religious experience, but it also presents this group of pilgrims/revelers as a microcosm for society. The archetypes explored and social commentary offered by the author point to an explorationWe are painted a portrait of contemporary customs and perspectives. An undeniable theme in Chaucer’s Tale is the disparity between the ideals of chivalry and the less savory reality of the common people. The holy journey our characters are undertaking is at times sullied by raucousness It is not difficult here to discern who the commoners are from of those with world stature. Whatever camaraderie develops between the characters, social station remains a prominent factor throughout the narrative. While open conflict is rare, we see moments of contempt which offer glimpses into individual prejudices. Behind the drapery of manners that hides a man’s true feelings, there is resentment and all the true dispositions which remain unspoken. It is what lies behind this veneer that is the subject of this paper. Within the interactions of the speakers as well as the tales themselves there can be seen a clashing of worldviews and personalities. Characters— at least the more profane ones— have no problem arguing with and badmouthing each other. The warm mood can be interrupted at times by personal attacks. The nature of these conflicts and Chaucer’s deeper purpose will be examined here, in addition to whether the work should be considered a social commentary or a virtuous Christian tale. How to cite The Wife of Bath’s Tale, Papers

Corporate Social Responsibility Social Purpose

Question: Discuss about theCorporate Social Responsibilityfor Social Purpose. Answer: Introduction Moral responsibility is what differentiates between an animal and a human being. People guide all the actions of a corporation and hence, a corporation is morally responsible of its actions. Otherwise, the total impact of the wrong deeds will bring huge negativity in the communities. According to Ju?ius and Snieka (2015), the definition of CSR or Corporate Social Responsibility states that it is a business approach, which helps the corporations to develop sustainable economic, socio-cultural, and environmental benefits for all the agents in the market. In general, the views on CSR can be categorized into two parts namely broad and narrow. The broad view, apart from profitability, talks about how the corporations are responsible for the society. The narrow view only focuses on profit maximization. Arguments for the Broad View: Social Purpose The social purpose suggests that a corporation should not create a product, or use methods to create products, which diminishes the normal societal values. It means the organization neither should produce such things that will hurt the economic, socio-cultural, and environmental values, nor should use such methods of production. Doing so will make the society deviate from the Pareto optimal, as it will make such move detrimental to the others of the society (Moon, 2014). Corporations have Power As stated by Chernev and Blair (2015), the corporations that are operating in the society have enough power to do good for the society. Sometimes the corporations have power more than the even the government. The corporations create jobs and employment opportunities, products for the consumers, generates revenue, and much more, which gives them a power of doing something in the society. If this power is used for a good cause, it will help those who belong to this society. If this power is used for personal benefits, it will create negativity in the society. The Social Contract The social contract is the voluntary agreement among the people of a particular society. This agreement states that the members of the society have to cooperate for earning the social benefits, sacrificing personal benefits. It creates a mutual understanding and secure benefits for all the members of the society. The social contract does not have any exceptions for any individual, as all the members operate with one goal ahead. Arguments for the Narrow View: Invisible Hand Adam Smith introduced the concept of invisible hand in economics, where he clearly stated that economic agents should operate in the economy freely. This will lead them to their general greater good. Pursuing their self interests will help the organizations to function optimally. It will help the corporations to meet the economic needs of the society. If the corporations are forced to think about corporate social responsibility, it might lead to reduction in meeting the material needs of the society. In the long run this will reduce the well being of the members of the society. Let Government do it According to this narrow view, the government has the power of creating guidelines for the corporations on how to operate in the society (Cao, 2017). The government can also make sure that the corporations are acting ethically. The view states that it is the governments responsibility to ensure that this mechanism works properly. Here, the government has to find out the amount of loss that the society might be incurring due to the operations of the corporation and help the corporations in balancing the negatives in the society. This process also saves the corporations cost of finding out and the amount of the societal loss due to the production and the cost of creating guidelines regarding how to become sustainable. Corporations Lack Ethics Expertise: It is widely agreed that the executives of the organizations have little or no moral and social expertise to make deals, which do not incorporate economic decisions. If these people are left with the job of creating guidelines for the societal benefit, the plans might not be optimal as they will have the chance of putting their values on the other members of the society. Materialization of Society According the views of Okpara and Idowu (2013), materialization of society is an abstract concept. Hence, addressing the needs of the society is not easy for the corporations. It might take some other institution as well to create a proper guideline for a corporation for this purpose. The plans that have to be materialized in order to create the society a better place to live are guided by the corporate social responsibility approach of a corporation. The effect of CSR also uplifts the moral responsibilities of the economic agents making the arguments of broad view more humane. Arguments of Broad View Versus Narrow View: According to Salib et al. (2015), the narrow view opts for the invisible hand where the marketing agents are supposed to operate as they can without worrying about the societal benefits. However, the corporations presently have huge market power, which is very different from the corporations of Adam Smiths time. This requires adaptation of new techniques like broader view in the business process. Again, the government doing the job of monitoring each thing regarding the social responsibility of the corporations might not work the way it was intended to. There might be various reasons for which the narrow view might not work properly like lack of availability of information. It is not a great theory to assume that the government is the best option for making the guidelines for the society or corporation. Justification Outline of Kant's Ethics The outline of Kants ethics relies solely on the belief that the action of a human being is determined by reason. Without a reason an action is not justified. The reason might vary from person to person for the same action. The Kantian ethics suggests that an action can be considered as right if it follows the principle of morality (Kobzar, Nikolayeva Shvets, 2014). Universal Law Following the views of Servaes and Tamayo (2013), it can be said that, the universal law suggests that if an action is not maxim or truthful in nature it should not be universalized and the action has to be rejected and counted as immoral. However, in reality, this formula possesses some fallacy. Following the universal law, it can be pointed out that all the maxims, which cannot be universalized, might not be immoral in nature. Hence, this law should not just bind ones actions. Good will The good will theory suggests that will is under the control of people in a holistic manner. Following the views of Deng, Kang and Low (2013), it can be said that, this creates an opportunity for taking a good action following a proper reason. Hence, it has to be monitored whether the will of the corporation has a good reason. Moreover, a good will works as a sense of duty. This makes an easy guideline for the corporations using broader view. This duty has no place for self-interest or emotional attachments. Hence, a corporation, which adopts the broader view of CSR, is not necessarily doing its duty. The corporation has to make sure that the ideas are following the ethical grounds as mentioned above. Means to an End The main aim or objective of a company is to earn profit. No matter which view a organization follows, the main aim does not change. Some other concerns might be added in the list of the objective. As stated by Korschun, Bhattacharya and Swain (2014), the idiom means to an end states that there might be some actions or stakeholders, which have less or no value in it but can be used as a tool of achieving the objectives of the organizations. According to Preuss (2013), an organization that adopts the broad view of Corporation Social Responsibility will not use any stakeholder as a way of achieving the organizational objectives. The reason behind not using the stakeholders as means to an end is the process fully exploits the people involved. This is against the principles of broad view of CSR. The broad view suggests that to the society Analysis The usage of broad view in the organizations mainly suggests that the organization has a different target than the other organizations where profit maximization is the only objective. The broad view suggests that the corporations should consider the society where it is operating in the list of beneficiaries. This way the corporation will be able to create business strategies, which will help the environmental, economical, and socio-cultural causes. On the other hand, the narrow view is concerned with making profit only. It has nothing to with the societal benefits and Pareto optimization. According to Baumberg et al. (2014), the idea given by Kant states that, an action following a maxim, is ethical. A corporation can follow the ideas of broad view but for its personal agenda, which does not suffice the ethical requirements stated by Kant. Hence, a corporation following the broad view might not follow ethical rules as well. References: Baumberg, B., Cuzzocrea, V., Witteman, J., Ortoleva, P., Disley, E., Tzvetkova, M., ... Beccaria, F. (2014). Corporate Social Responsibility. Cao, X. (2017). Corporate Social Responsibility. 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